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Exploring Spatial and Temporal Coherence to Strengthen Seam
Carving in Video Retargeting (§Q¥ÎªÅ¶¡»P®É¶¡¤@P©Ê¥h¼W±jÁ_¨èªº¼v¤ùÁY©ñ) |
ABSTRACT: Number of various
display screens and mobile devices has increased significantly.
Unfortunately, showing a fixed size picture or video is often limited by the
aspect ratio of different displays. In recent years, many
content-aware retargeting techniques have been proposed. Among them, Seam
carving is a novel and efficient method, but it may distort the object¡¦s
structure. For enlarging an image, we tend to make
it larger and undistorted by first magnifying the image, and shrink it to the
target size using Seam carving. Thus, in this thesis, we focus on shrinking.
For spatial coherence, we emphasize the object shape and protect significant
content. We also combine Seam carving and Scaling operator, trying to avoid
the bad results due to content distortion. Moreover, we extend our method to
video retargeting, which formerly caused the jittery artifacts without
exploring temporal information. We classify the videos into those taken by
the static camera setup and the others by the moving camera setup. Then we
explore temporal coherence to decrease the jittery artifacts. Finally, the
experimental results demonstrate our approach can raise the quality in video
retargeting. SUMMARY (¤¤¤åÁ`µ²): ÀHµÛ»È¹õÅã¥Ü¾¹³vº¥ªº¦h¼Ë¤Æ¡An®i¥Ü¤Ø¤o©T©wªº¹Ï¤ù©Î¼v¤ù¡A©¹©¹¨ü©ó¤£¦PÅã¥Ü¾¹ªº¤j¤p¡C¦bªñ´X¦~¨Ó¡A¤º®e·Pª¾ªºÁY©ñ¤èªk¤é¯q¼W¥[¡A¦ÓÁ_¨è¬O¤@ºØ·s¿o¥B¦³®Äªº¤èªk¡A¦ý¬O¦¹¤èªk¥i¯à¯}Ãaª«Å骺µ²ºc©Ê¨Ã³y¦¨§á¦±²{¶H¡C §Ú̦b¼v¤ù©ñ¤jªº³¡¤À¨Ï¥Îµ¥¤ñ¨Ò©ñ¤j«á¡A¦A±Ä¥ÎÁ_¨è¨ÓÁY´î¨ì¥Ø¼Ð¤j¤p¡C¦]¦¹¦b¥»½g½×¤å¡A·|µÛ«©óÁY´î³¡¤À¡A¦bªÅ¶¡ªº¤@P©Ê¤W¡A±j½Õ½ü¹ø©M¥DÅ餺®eªº«OÅ@¡A¨Ã¥Bµ²¦XÁ_¨è©M«Dµ¥¤ñ¨Ò¹Bºâ¤l¨Ó¹F¨ì¬üÆ[ªº®ÄªG¡C³Ì«á±N¦¹¤èªk©µ¦ù¦Ü¼v¤ù¡A¦]¬°¨CÓ¼v®æ¤§¶¡³£¦³®É¶¡ªº³sÄò©Ê¡AYª½±µ®M¥Îì¤èªk·|³y¦¨¼v¤ù¸õ°Êªº°ÝÃD¡C§Ú̧â¼v¤ù¤À¦¨ÀRºA¬Û¾÷¸ò°ÊºA¬Û¾÷¨âºØÃþ«¬¡A§Q¥Î®É¶¡ªº¤@P©Ê¨Ó´î¤Ö¸õ°Ê°ÝÃDªº²£¥Í¡A¨Ã¥B®Ú¾Ú¹êÅçµ²ªGÅçÃÒ¡A§Ú̪º¤èªk¥i¥H´£¤É¼v¤ùÁY©ñ«áªº«~½è¡C §Ú̪º¨t²Î¥Ñ¥Dn¨âÓ³¡¤À©Ò²Õ¦¨: 1.Spatial coherence cost
§ÚÌ´£¥X¤FCompound
energy function¡A¤À§O¦³Forward energy¡ASaliency map©M Canny
detector¡AÂǥѦU¤èªkªº¦n³B¨Ó°§C¤º®e§á¦±¥H¤Î«OÅ@«nª«¥óªº®ÄªG¡F¬°¤F¨¾¤î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ»Ýµ¥«Ý¹L¦h®É¶¡¨Ó°õ¦æseam carving¡A¤S±o¤£¨ì¹w´Áªº¦nµ²ªG¡A§Ú̦b¨CÓ§R°£seamªº¶¥¬q³£·|°õ¦æ«~½èªºµû¦ô¡AY¬O¬Û¦ü«×ÅܧC¤F¡A§Ú̱N¨Ï¥Îscale ¹Bºâ¤l¨ÓÁY¤p¨ì¥Ø¼Ð¤j¤p¡C 2.Temporal coherence cost ¦b¼v¤ùªº¤ÀÃþ¤W¡A§Ṳ́jP¤À¦¨¨âºØÃþ«¬(static camera¡Bmoving camera)¨Ó°µ³B²z¡C¦bstatic cameraªº¼v¤ù¡A§Ú̱N¨Ï¥Îsum of difference¨Ó°O¿ýª«¥ó²¾°Êªºy¸ñ¡A¨Ã¥[¤J²Ä¤@Óframeªºenergy¨Ópºâ¥Xstatic seams¡A¤§«áªºframes´N¥i¥H§Q¥Î¬dªíªº¤è¦¡¨Óª½±µ²¾°£seams¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H´î¤Öpºâªº®É¶¡©M°§C¼v¤ù§Ý°Êªº²{¶H¡F¦bmoving cameraªº¼v¤ù¡A§Ų́ϥΦ¬´Mseamªº¤èªk¡A§ä¨ì·í«eframe»P¤W¤@Óframeªºseam³Ì¬Û¦üªºseam¡A¦pªG¦¬´M¤£¨ì§ÚÌ·|ÃB¥~¥[¤Jtemporal coherence cost¡A¨Ó«·spºâ¥X¤@±ø³Ì±µªñªºseam¡A³Ì«á¡A§ÚÌ´N¯à´î¤Ö§Ý°Êªº²{¶H¡A¨Ã±o¨ì¦nªºµ²ªG¡C ¡±
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